1. Lub ntsiab ntau yam ntawm nylon yog aliphatic polyamide fiber ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog monomer, xws li lactam lossis amino acid. Lub sijhawm no, cov lej Arabic tom qab lub npe nylon qhia cov naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm lactam lossis amino acid siv, xws li nylon 6, nylon 11, thiab lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog ob lub monomers, uas yog, diamine thiab ib diacid. Lub sijhawm no, nyob rau hauv ob pawg ntawm cov lej Arabic tom qab lub npe nylon, thawj pab pawg sawv cev rau cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm diamine, thiab pawg thib ob sawv cev rau cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm dibasic acid, xws li nylon 66, nylon 610, nylon 1010, thiab lwm yam.
Feem ntau hais lus, nylon 66 zoo dua li nylon 6, thiab nylon 66 zoo dua li nylon 6, tab sis nws nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 ntawm qhov chaw.
Nylon 6 cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, hnav tsis kam, softness thiab me me ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv cov khaub ncaws, txhob lo lo ntxhuav, kaus mom, fishnets, cords, BCF ntaub pua plag yarns thiab engineering plastics.
2. Cov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm nylon 6 yog 140-200, thiab cov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm nylon 66 yog 55-77.
Cov saw hlau molecular ntawm nylon muaj ntau cov pab pawg amide, uas tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog txaus nyiam hydrogen bonds nrog cov pab pawg amide ntawm cov saw hlau uas nyob ib sab. Cov pab pawg loj loj yog ib qho yooj yim tsim cov khoom siv lead ua thaum cov saw hlau molecular stretched, thiab nws cov crystallinity yog 50 feem pua rau 60 feem pua. Nylon yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem melting spinning, thiab cov morphology nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom iav zoo ib yam li polyester, ntu ntoo khaub lig yog puag ncig, thiab lub longitudinal kev taw qhia yog du thiab ncaj. Qhov ceev yog me me, txog 1.14g / cm3.
(1) Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm nylon
1. Hygroscopicity thiab dyeability Nylon muaj hygroscopicity zoo, thiab cov dej noo rov qab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem atmospheric yog li ntawm 4.5 feem pua. Kev ua tau zoo dyeing, tuaj yeem dyed nrog disperse dyes, acid dyes thiab lwm yam dyes.
2. Mechanical zog Lub zog ntawm nylon yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers, thiab cov resilience yog qhov zoo. Lub elastic rov qab tus nqi yog tshaj 90 feem pua thaum lub elongation yog 10 feem pua. Tsawg pib modulus, yooj yim rau deform nyob rau hauv me me load. Qhov kev txaj muag yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txog 10 npaug ntawm cov paj rwb, 20 npaug ntawm cov ntaub plaub, thiab 140 npaug ntawm viscose thaum ntub.
3. Thermal zog Lub iav hloov kub ntawm nylon yog qhov qis, ntawm 45 mus rau 60 degree, lub melting point ntawm nylon 6 yog 210 mus rau 215 degree, decomposition point yog 300 degree, thiab melting point ntawm nylon 66 yog 255 degree. Nylon muaj cov cua sov tsis zoo thiab yuav ntsws thaum raug tshav kub. Nws cov dej boiling shrinkage yog siab li 11.5 feem pua. Yog tias nws khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm 150 ° C rau 50 teev, cov fiber ntau yuav tig daj thiab poob nws cov nqi siv.
4. Cov khoom siv tshuaj: Nylon tiv taus alkalis thiab acids, thiab kho nrog 10 feem pua caustic soda tov rau 16h ntawm 95 degree, thiab lub zog yog qhov pib tsis ploj. Nws yuav yaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam concentrated acids. 59% sulfuric acid thiab kub formic acid thiab acetic acid tuaj yeem yaj nylon, thiab 15% thiab 20% hydrochloric acid tuaj yeem yaj nylon 6 thiab nylon 66 raws li.
5. Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag Nylon muaj lub teeb tsis zoo, thiab yuav tig daj thiab nkig yog tias raug tshav ntuj ntev.
(2) Kev siv cov nylon
Nylon feem ntau yog filament, thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov fiber ntau luv yog tsuas yog siv rau kev sib xyaw nrog cov ntaub plaub, paj rwb lossis lwm yam tshuaj fibers, txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub. Ib feem ntawm cov nylon filament yog siv rau cov txhob lo lo ntxhuav, gauze, lace, thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau yog ua tiav rau hauv cov xov paj elastic, uas yog siv los ua cov thom khwm, tsho nylon, hnab looj tes, thiab lwm yam. Muaj nylon tso nyiaj ntau dua 40 feem pua. Vim nws lub zog siab, qaug zog tsis kam, muaj zog tiv thaiv thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov roj hmab, nylon yog tsim los ua cov hlua khi xws li tsheb thauj khoom thiab dav hlau. Nws yog siv los ua ib tug nuv ntses net thiab nws lub neej ncua ntev dua li cov paj rwb nuv ntses nets. 4 mus rau 5 zaug ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog siv rau cables, parachutes, mos ladders, conveyor siv thiab nylon ropes.
