Nylon yog ib qho hluavtaws polymer ua los ntawm petrochemicals, thiab nws cov khoom tsim muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj hu ua polymerization.
Ntawm no yog ib kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam qhia txog yuav ua li cas nylon ua:
1. Kev npaj cov khoom siv raw
Nylon feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ob yam khoom tseem ceeb:
Adipic acid: Ib dicarboxylic acid.
Hexamethylenediamine: Ib diam.
Ob lub tebchaw no yog muab los ntawm petrochemicals los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem tshuaj.
2. Polymerization
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation ntawm adipic acid thiab hexamethylenediamine:
Condensation Reaction: Ob qho khoom siv raw yog muab tso rau hauv lub reactor nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov molecules ntawm adipic acid thiab hexamethylenediamine txuas ua ke, tso dej raws li ib tug byproduct.
Tsim cov Nylon ntsev: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thawj zaug tsim cov nylon ntsev, hu ua nylon 6,6 thaum cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb no tau siv. Cov ntsev no yog cov kua nplaum, molten uas tsim lub hauv paus rau nylon polymer.
3. Khiav
Thaum lub polymer yog tsim, nws yog txias thiab solidified:
Extrusion: Lub molten nylon yog extruded los ntawm ib tug spinneret, ib tug ntaus ntawv nrog ntau lub qhov me me. Raws li cov nylon tawm ntawm spinneret, nws tsim ntev, txuas ntxiv fibers.
Txias: Cov fibers extruded yog txias sai, feem ntau yog los ntawm huab cua, kom solidify lawv mus rau hauv nyias strands.
4. Kev kos duab
Lub solidified nylon fibers yog ces ncab los yog "kos" los kho cov polymer molecules thiab txhim kho cov fiber ntau lub zog thiab elasticity:
Kev kos duab: Cov fibers yog rhuab thiab ces rub los ntawm ib tug series ntawm rollers. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov fiber ntau tensile lub zog thiab ua rau nws tsim nyog rau siv nyob rau hauv textiles thiab lwm yam kev siv.
5. Texturing thiab Finishing
Tom qab kos duab, cov nylon fibers tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem ntxiv los txhim kho lawv cov khoom:
Texturing: Cov fibers tuaj yeem raug crimped lossis twisted los muab lawv qhov kev xav tau zoo nkauj thiab txhim kho lawv txoj kev xav thiab qhov loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov ntaub.
Ua tiav: Cov fibers yuav raug kho nrog ntau yam kev ua tiav, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, dyes, lossis txheej txheej, kom muab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb rau lawv qhov kev npaj siv.
6. Spooling
Thaum kawg, cov nylon fibers ua tiav tau raug mob rau hauv cov hlua lossis bobbins, npaj siv rau hauv kev tsim textiles, hlua, cov khoom lag luam, thiab ntau yam khoom.
Cov ntsiab lus
Kev tsim cov nylon suav nrog cov polymerization ntawm petrochemical-derived compounds, ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm extrusion, kos duab, thiab ua tiav. Cov kauj ruam no hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw mus rau hauv cov khoom muaj zog, hloov tau, thiab ntau yam fibers uas yog siv rau ntau yam kev siv, los ntawm khaub ncaws thiab ntaub pua plag mus rau cov khoom lag luam.
